Rabu, 06 April 2011

Certificate Seminar Scientific Writing


This seminar contains about course management to develop scientific writing. Student’s have Gunadarma University which has six semester, will construct a scientific writing in accordance with their majors - each. The contents of the seminar on a literature in which professors discuss their research on scientific writing of those who have studied and got good results too. The seminar discussed how to make scientific writing with the correct method. The contents of scientific writing is composed of :
ORGIGINALITAS SHEET
APPROVAL SHEET
ABSTRACT
PREFACE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER II THEORY BASIS
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
CHAPTER IV DISCUSSION
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
APPENDIX
From the contents - the contents are combined into one form of papers from the research that the author wrote well before the trial results will be discussed again by the supervisor in accordance with each - each class.
After finishing all and has been in acc by the trial supervisor immediately register your PI if you want to quickly finish a degree D3.

Certificate Seminar Capital Markets




Capital markets or capital markets is an activity as the market in general. Only in capital markets activities of the meeting between the owners of capital and those in need of capital, with the mediation of a broker or securities brokers. Owners of capital are those who have the capital or the party or commonly known as some investors, while in need of capital is a company or a party to sell shares, bonds or other capital market instruments.
Financial instruments traded in capital markets such as stocks, bonds, warrants, rights, convertible bonds, and various derivative products (derivatives) like option (put or call). Because the stock market is a market of long-term financial instruments, have a very important role for the economy of a country. The capital market is said to have a functioning economy since the stock market provides the facility or vehicle that is of interest that bring together two parties who have excess funds (investors) and those who need the funds (issuer / issuer).
As a meeting of owners of capital and those in need of capital, practically no funds in the stock market represents funds that can be said to be a low cost fund. The funds are to be cheap, because the owners of capital in a capital market activity in distributing the funds to redeem some of the funds held with a number of shares. Practical by buying these shares, the owners of capital (investors) do not impose interest on the capital provided to the issuer / issuer. In other words, investors become shareholders (owners of the company). As the owner means the investor to deposit funds equal to the number of its shares. Because of its capital contribution, thus the company has become very cheap, because there is no obligation to return the funds already paid. So is the return in the form of interest, absolutely nothing. So the funds raised from investors was really cheap, and can be optimally developed to run perusahaan.Pengembalian operations to shareholders later in the form of dividends, or stock price meningkatknya or commonly referred to as capital gains (the difference between the purchase price with the selling price).
The capital market is said to have financial functions, because the capital market provides the possibility and opportunity to obtain benefit (return) to the owner of the funds, according to the characteristics of the selected investment. So the stock market is expected to be increased economic activity due to capital market financing is an alternative for companies to increase corporate revenue and ultimately bring prosperity for the wider community. In other words generally benefit from the existence of capital markets is:
1. Provide a source of financing (long term) to the business world as well as enabling an optimal allocation of funds.
2. Provide a variety of investment vehicles for investors to allow for diversification. Alternative investments provide the potential benefits to the level of risk that can be calculated.
3. Is a leading indicator for the development of a country's economy.
4. The spread of ownership of the company until the middle layers of society.
5. The spread of ownership, openness and professionalism create a healthy business climate and encourage the use of professional management.

Capital Market Instruments
Capital markets have a variety of products that could become an investment option for investors. Investment products that we know today, among others, shares, bonds and derivative products such as warrants, rights, options and mutual funds. Each product has investment characteristics that differ from each other. Stocks for example, is a proof or a sign of ownership or possession of any person or entity within a company or limited company. The realization of shares in the form of a sheet of paper that explains who the owner. However, the present system have been started scripless Indonesia Stock Exchange where the form of ownership is no longer in the form of sheet stock that is named the owner but have a account on behalf of the owner or without paper stock. So the settlement will be more quickly and easily. Shares or equity securities which is already much known to the public.
Stocks have the right products and derivatives such as warrants. These derivative products are always attached to the parent product. For example the right to buy shares or ordinary first is named with a rights issue or obtained the right to buy stock at a certain price at a certain time commonly referred to as warrants. While the bonds are debt instruments issued by a company. Letters of credit in the capital markets are debt securities with maturities of more than a year, and debentures must be obtained from the company's rating or the rating assigned ratings.
Other capital market products are mutual funds. Mutual funds are collective investment contract made between investment managers (investment managers) to investors. Mutual fund is an investment unit that was formed with a specific purpose. Mutual funds are derived from mutual vocabulary, which means guard or maintained and funds means money or money collection. So, a mutual fund can be defined as a collection of funds that are kept together for an interest. Referring to Law No. 8 of 1995, a mutual fund is a container that is used to raise funds from public investors to be invested in portfolio securities by the Investment Manager.
Buying mutual funds no different than saving. The difference a letter can not be traded to save the sign, whereas mutual funds can be traded. Investment units that can be sold back to the mutual fund investment manager called the open (open end). The reverse is a closed fund (closed end), ie, a mutual fund that can only be sold to other investors through the secondary market. Most mutual funds are now shaped open mutual funds. With a variety of investment products that are increasingly varied as a means of making capital markets and investment vehicles from day to day more complete. Investors have many choices of products that could become a means of investment which must be adjusted with its investment objective. So also for the parties need capital (issuer), the product can be sold to investors can be more varied. In addition to the shares, issuer or the issuer can sell the bonds or it could be a combination of stocks with bonds or bonds with specific options. IDX ( Indonesian Stock Exchange ).

KITTY LOVE'S RESTAUANT









Indust ry Food and Beverage (F & B) or the restaurant industry is an extraordinary and almost never die. Industry full of potential, prospect, develop very quickly, and a carrier business success and even wealth ( of course, if planned, managed and operated well ). Restaurant business is a business of all time, because everyone would need to eat and drink during his life. Many people think that opening a restaurant is easy, provided good cook and supported by its outer appearance of the all good. All the restaurants in general do have to give a good impression to attract customers.
When reviewed further, the restaurant business is not a business that can be done casually. This business requires perseverance processing with thorough, careful and hard work, and not just how to cook a delicious alone but must be considered also continuously all related areas. Procurement of tools, equipment, raw materials, quality control materials, processing with the standard processes and recipes, is an important factor for the success of the restaurant business. Other factors that influence the taste and customer complaints, legal factors, promotions, employee issues, financing, pricing, image of the restaurant, and so forth.
However, very little is ultimately successful restaurant business. Business Most restaurants fail in the first year of operation. There are many opinions and reasons for everything, like why this could occur. Of course this really makes the food business wondering why this happens and what can we do to better understand the risks, challenges, because, reality, and the intricate details about the opening, running, and to finally get a restaurant that success.
Today's growing food business sector and the owner must have a basic understanding and philosophy about the awards will be food, and consumer lifestyle. Every aspect of the business and operations, customer satisfaction, profit and lost relationships, the size of the control system, standardization and the pride of all owners must be seen, as perseverance, resilience, meticulous attention to detail and every decision even on small things though. Restaurant business also related to the planning process and overall control with respect to consumers, competitors, service strategy, and resources that exist in it, including staff, operational staff and managers. Restaurant Management can not be separated from management of all functional activities, such as marketing, operations or production, finance, and human resources.
There are some basic understanding that led to the restaurant business usually fail, among others:
• Inability to adapt to change and optimize the opportunities and competition.
• Lack of experience
• Lack of knowledge of the food business and operational management
• Lack of understanding of themselves and and others, the difficulties of working relationships, leadership and interpersonal skills that are needed in the work.

There are many variations and choices when faced with the restaurant business. What will be presented, when it will be opened and how much funding should be provided until everything is running smoothly. Run it yourself or learn from and cooperate with someone who is pretty / have experienced. Establishing and running a restaurant business, opening the door every morning and keeping it open all year, until success requires no small effort. What is on the menu or the logo on serving plates will provide the character and explain a very good restaurant.
Competition is increasingly competitive restaurant business lead manager of the restaurant strives to choose the right strategy to attract consumers as much as possible by providing alternative products as a supplement to its main product. One is the entertainment / performances as well as object something that is integrated with the main products into one package or a series that sold to consumers. Entertainment as one of the restaurant business attraction in its development was able to attract consumers who seek pleasure and satisfaction alternatives to taste delicious food and drink itself. Even the entertainment in the restaurant business has now become a trendsetter. This is evidenced by the rise of the restaurant business plus music and dance entertainment to complement the food and beverage offerings that became its main product.
The management and proper selection and fitting entertainment for consumers became one of the key success of the restaurant business to increase revenue earnings. The appeal of entertainment in the restaurant business is situated on the strength and quality to entertain and be able to change consumers' psychological conditions, from fatigue to be fresh, from sadness to joy, from too late to be relieved. The strength and quality of entertainment this in turn will be able to extend your stay (length of stay) of consumers because of the entertainment itself aims to provide entertainment or entertaining and is updating the condition of the consumer psyche.
This course will extend the stay of consumers (length of stay) that do want to enjoy the entertainment it completely, so it can be concluded that the provision of an alternative form of entertainment products can extend your stay (length of stay) consumers. In the next development entertainment attraction is not just limited to the strength and quality, but both have been shifted to the variety of entertainment that is presented to consumers.
However, very little is ultimately Successful Restaurant Business. Restaurant Business Most fail in the first year of operation. There are many opinions and there are reasons as to why this can happen? More than 25-33% of the Restaurants Industry menuutup his efforts and declared kebangrutannya under 12 months since his first operation.
Of course this is making the food business wondering why this happens and what can we do to better understand the Risks, Challenges, For, Reality and the intricate details about the opening, running, and to eventually obtain a Successful Restaurant.
Today's growing food business sector. It has a basic philosophy and understanding & appreciation for food, lifestyles, especially 'Dine Out' in the big picture is critical to success in a Restaurant Business.
Every aspect of the business and operations, customer satisfaction, relationship Profit & Lost, size control systems, standards and pride of the owners must all be visible, as perseverance, resilience, meticulous attention to detail and every decision even on small things though.
Some of these aspects include General Business Management (General Business Management), Administration, Organization, Supervision (Supervising), Control (Controlling), Accounting Procedures, Pricing, Promotion, and Protection and Insurance Contracts, Taxation Regulations whereby they will be & function of business.
The restaurant business is always changing, complex and it is not possible to "eat" and / defeat the many newcomers who are not ready for the unexpected. Many food companies are trying to wrestle a newcomer in this field failed in his first year.
There are many variations and choices when faced with the Restaurant Business. What will be presented, when it will be opened and how much funding should be provided until everything is running smoothly. Run it yourself or learn from and cooperate with someone who is pretty / have experienced.
Establishing a Business Restaurants and run it, open the door every morning and keeping it open all year, until success requires no small effort. Funding sources could include: self, family, friends, business associates, dealers or factory equipment, a business organization. Different types are also available for the procurement of funds. Restaurant business in the form and structure 'PT' will make it easier to secure the capital your business.
Restaurants business classified business that is very interesting and promising. Some business people even dare to mention that the restaurant business profits are very large, can reach 150% or more. Not to play! Of course, a profit of it only applies to restaurants that have been successfully attract customers to become customers.
To succeed, first of all food products should be selected according to taste and needs of the market. Do market research on what foods are most popular, how many times to buy food, where if you want to buy food and other related information.
Next, 3 restaurants keys to success are location, location and location.
Strategic location is very important in this business because this business characters who "visited" not visiting customers. Find a location that really represents a lot of consumers, such as near the offices, markets, schools or 'crowd' of other potential.
No less important is the price of food. If too expensive, consumers will stay away. And if too low, then it will be branded food products are not cheap quality, also could reduce operating income.
How to determine the right price? View selling price of a competitor-certainly with your product quality and food portions are approximately equal. Then, set the selling price of your product is slightly cheaper than their selling prices for consumers willing to try your product. Remember, the selling price should have covered the cost of production and profit.





Contact Person :
Jln. Raya Pulogebang Km. 24 No. 24A
Tlp : ( 021 ) – 876543987, 8897654
E_mail : kitty.love’s_resto@ymail.com